Purpose: In this research, a recyclable waste is used to manufacture a specific product. For this reason, a supply chain is considered containing manufacturer, recycler, and waste warehouse. First, the customers’ demand for the considered product is determined based on its price. Then, the manufacturer produces it from a waste with specific recyclability rate. The waste warehouse collects the waste and the recycler recycles it. The manufacturer meets his requirements through two different channels. He can procure the non-recycled waste from the waste warehouse and then recycles it himself, or can buy the recycled waste from the recycler. The manufacturer selects these channels based on the established situations.Methodology: The game theory is applied to make the decisions under two considered channels. In this setting, a Stackelberg game is developed based on the competitive situation established among the members, where the manufacturer has higher decision power than the waste warehouse and recycler.Findings: Eventually, the given strategies are discussed and the obtained results are presented. Results indicate that the manufacturer selects each channel as a threshold is met. Moreover, more recyclability rate of the considered waste leads to higher profits for the members.Originality/Value: In this research, to provide the waste materials required for producing a product, the game-theoretic approach as well as the concept of the channel-selection are used. It can be stated that this issue has been proposed for the first time in the literature.

A fast settling multi-standard CMOS fractional-N frequency synthesizer for DECT, GSM, CDMA and NADC wireless communication standards is proposed. This frequency synthesizer was simulated with ADS2008 in TSMC RF CMOS 0. 18 µ m. Frequency range is 824-1900 MHz, a switched capacitor LC-VCO was used in order to produce this frequency range. Frequency synthesizers have three main specifications of phase noise, settling time and power consumption. A new channel select circuit was designed instead of ∑ ∆ modulator to locate spur tones far from center frequency. A high reference frequency was used in order to reduce the VCO phase noise and locate the spur tones far from center frequency; these tones are produced by charge pump (reference spur) and N/N+1 divider (fractional spur). Two ways were used for phase noise optimization; in the first way phase noise was reduced by a low pass filter and a bypass capacitor (CT) that eliminate thermal noise and 2ω 0 harmonics of tail current source; in the second way with biasing of VCO transistors only in saturation region preventing reduction of quality factor(Q) in tank circuit. These two ways in VCO of DECT were used, consequently the phase noise at 1875MHz center frequency was improved from-119. 4 dBc/Hz at 3. 4 MHz offset frequency to-144. 3 dBc/Hz at 3. 4 MHz offset frequency. The settling time for all standards was achieved less than almost 1 μ s over the entire frequency range. For DECT synthesizer phase noise of-116. 37 dBc/Hz at 3 MHz offset frequency was obtained, the first spur tone was located in 7. 35 MHz offset from center frequency, also settling time of 350ns was obtained. The whole frequency synthesizer in loop1 (for DECT) draws 13 mA and in loop2 (for GSM900, CDMA & NADC) draws 13. 67 mA from a 1. 8 V voltage supply.

In this article, an attempt has been made to estimate the amount of sound transmission loss in a flat oval channel by applying the approach of statistical energy analysis. Correct estimation of sound transmission loss in an air conditioning channel is of great importance due to the harmful effects of noise pollution in the environment on human health. Simulation with the statistical energy analysis method is a powerful approach to estimate sound and vibration in problems in which we deal with complex and multi-part systems; is considered. In this method, first, a system is divided into several subsystems, and then by writing a matrix equation that includes the energy exchanges between subsystems and energy loss coefficients; It is investigated from the perspective of vibration and sound estimation.On average, the model presented in this research is able to estimate the sound transmission loss in different dimensions of the air conditioning channels according to the experimental results in the accuracy range of ± 2.5 dB. Considering that it seems that the results obtained from modeling with this method are in good agreement with the experimental data; The results of this research can be used as an efficient approach to estimate noise in oval shaped channels stretched in different lengths.

Background: A significant increase in cesarean section in worldwide is known as one of the health system problems. The WHO has estimated that cesarean section in recent years has been 10% in all countries. Despite the increasing popularity of cesarean section, the literature lacks insights about factors affecting the selection of this delivery method. In this vein, this study investigates the factors affecting the choice of cesareansection from the perspective of pregnant women. Methods: The sample of this descriptive and analytical study is 200 pregnant women selected using simple random sampling method in Kosar Hospital in Qazvin Province, Iran. The survey questionnaire was used for data collection from March to September of 2017. In order to evaluate the validity and reliability of the research, expert’ s opinion and Cronbach alpha coefficient have been used. The questionnaire included scales designed to measure effective factor. Statistical package for social science software (SPSS) version 22 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) were used to analyses the data. T-test and ANOVA were used to compare groups. Results: The results of prioritizing the items in terms of psychological factors showed that the statements “ I am afraid of the pain of normal labor” and “ I feel higher stress and anxiety with natural labor were the first priorities” . There was no significant difference between pregnant women who had previous experience and those who did not have a delivery experience. The results of the mean comparison test showed no significant difference between the attitudes of women with previous delivery experience and women who did not have a delivery experience. There were only differences between socio-cultural factors (P= 0. 004), factors related to delivery conditions (P= 0. 001), consequences of delivery (P= 0. 017) among pregnant women with different levels of training. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that there is a difference between the attitudes of pregnant women and different levels of education, so pre-pregnancy training should be provided to pregnant women.

One of the most important variables that affect shape of flood hydrograph is the temporal distribution pattern of rainfall.Therefore, information about this pattrn to estimate flood could be one of the desireable aims for hydrologists. To reach this aim, storms for a period of 33 years from four recording raingages of RoodZard catchment with 875 km 2 area located in North-East of Khozeatan province were considered. Then 13overall storms which covered all 22 raingages around the catchment were selected from the considered data to extract their temporal patterns as a base for generating general patterns for the studied catchment. Due to the mean of the cumulative percentage of rainfalls, temporal patterns were extracted with the same common base time as a result of this study. Then a unique generalized pattern was calculated from the extracted patterns for all the catchment to use for design rainfalls.

The shopping experience in Omni-channel distributions is influenced by the physical environment of the buyer, delivery time, and the cost of production to distribution of the goods which have a significant impact on customer loyalty and customer satisfaction. This study presents a system dynamics approach to identify the variables affecting the three aspects of customer satisfaction, cost, and delivery time, as well as the relationships among these variables in omni-channel distribution. By reviewing previous studies and expert opinions identifying important variables, followed by generating different scenarios in the Vensim software, the optimal values of the important variables are estimated. It is observed that by approaching the values of the fourth scenario – increase in the amount of market competitiveness indices, customer referral rate, marketing costs, technology etc. and decrease in the maintenance costs – the highest customer satisfaction and the lowest cost and delivery time can be achieved.